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Subhas Chandra Bose

Subhas Chandra Bose

          

Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India, but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy.

Died: 18 August 1945, Taipei, Taiwan

Education: Scottish Church College (1918), Presidency University, Kolkata, 

Subhash Chandra Bose Subhash Chandra Bose is one of the most dynamic leaders of India's struggle of independence. He is popularly known as Netaji. He was born in Cuttack, in Orissa on January 23, 1897 to Janaki Nath Bose and Prabhavati Devi. His father was a famous lawyer and his mother was a religious lady. Among the fourteen siblings, he was the ninth child.

Right from his childhood he was a bright student and was a topper in the matriculation examination from the whole of Calcutta province. He graduated from the Scottish Church College in Kolkata, West Bengal with a First Class degree in Philosophy. Influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda, he was known for his patriotic zeal as a student. He went to England to accomplish his parents' desire to appear in the Indian Civil Services. In 1920 he appeared for the competitive examination and stood fourth in the order of merit. Deeply moved by the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre in Punjab, Subhash Chandra Bose left his Civil Services apprenticeship midway and returned to India.

After he returned to India, Subhash Chandra Bose was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi views. He then joined the Indian National Congress and worked under the leadership of Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, who later became his political guru. He opposed the Dominion Status for India declared by the Congress under the guidance of the Motilal Nehru Committee. They were in favor of complete independence and nothing else. In 1930, during the Civil Disobedience he was sent to jail and released only after the Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed in 1931.

Subash Chandra Bose was exiled from India to Europe; he took advantage of this opportunity and tried to establish political and cultural ties between India and Europe by forming centers in the various capital cities of Europe. He was jailed for a year for not obeying the ban on his entry to India. Congress was elected in seven states during the general elections of 1937 and he was released. Defying the ban on his entry to India, Subash Chandra Bose returned to India and was again arrested and sent to jail for a year. After the General Elections of 1937, Congress came to power in seven states and he was released. Next year he was elected as the President of the Haripura Congress Session. He took a very stern decision and brought a resolution and asked Britishers to hand India over to the Indians within six months.

Following opposition to his rigid stand, he resigned from the post of president and formed the Forward Block. He fled to Germany via Afghanistan and tried to persuade Germany and Japan to cooperating against the British Empire. He then moved to Singapore from Germany in July 1943 and formed the Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army). The army comprised mainly of Indians who were prisoners of war. The army crossed the Burma border, and reached the Indian soil on March 18, 1944.

Japan and Germany were defeated in the Second World War and a result the INA could not fulfill its objective. On August 18, 1945, Subhash Chandra Bose was declared killed in an air crash over Taipei, Taiwan (Formosa). But there are people who believe that he is still alive and many Commissions were set up to find the truth but nothing could be found about his whereabouts.

                

Sachin Tendulkar

Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar (/ˌsətʃɪn tɛnˈduːlkər/; born 24 April 1973) is a former Indian cricketer and a former captain, widely regarded as the greatest batsman of all time.^[4] The highest run scorer of all time in International cricket, Tendulkar took up cricket at the age of eleven, made his Test debut on 15 November 1989 against Pakistan in Karachi at the age of sixteen, and went on to represent Mumbai domestically and India internationally for close to twenty-four years. He is the only player to have scored one hundred international centuries, the first batsman to score a double century in a One Day International, the holder of the record for the most number of runs in both ODI and Test cricket, and the only player to complete more than 30,000 runs in international cricket.^[5]

In 2002, halfway through his career, Wisden Cricketers' Almanack ranked him the second greatest Test batsman of all time, behind Don Bradman, and the second greatest ODI batsman of all time, behind Viv Richards.^[6] Later in his career, Tendulkar was a part of the Indian team that won the 2011 World Cup, his first win in six World Cupappearances for India.^[7] He had previously been named "Player of the Tournament" at the 2003 edition of the tournament, held in South Africa. In 2013, he was the only Indian cricketer included in an all-time Test World XI named to mark the 150th anniversary of Wisden Cricketers' Almanack.^[8][9][10]

Tendulkar received the Arjuna Award in 1994 for his outstanding sporting achievement, the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 1997, India's highest sporting honour, and the Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan awards in 1999 and 2008, respectively, India's fourth and second highest civilian awards.^[11] After a few hours of his final match on 16 November 2013, the Prime Minister's Office announced the decision to award him the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award.^[12][13] He is the youngest recipient to date and the first ever sportsperson to receive the award.^[14][15]He also won the 2010 Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for cricketer of the year at the ICC awards.^[16] In 2012, Tendulkar was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India.^[17] He was also the first sportsperson and the first person without an aviation background to be awarded the honorary rank of group captain by the Indian Air Force.^[18] In 2012, he was named an Honorary Member of the Order of Australia.^[19][20]

In December 2012, Tendulkar announced his retirement from ODIs.^[21] He retired from Twenty20 cricket in October 2013^[22] and subsequently retired from all forms of cricket on 16 November 2013 after playing his 200th Test match, against the West Indies in Mumbai's Wankhede Stadium.^[23] Tendulkar played 664 international cricket matches in total, scoring 34,357 runs.^[5

Nain Singh Rawat

Nain Singh Rawat

Nain Singh Rawat (October 21, 1830 – February 1, 1882),^[1][2] was one of the first of the late 19th century Indian explorers (pundits) who explored the Himalayas for the British. He hailed from the Johar Valley of Kumaon. He mapped the trade route through Nepal to Tibet, determined for the first time the location and altitude of Lhasa, and mapped a large section of the Brahmaputra.

                 

Mahātmā Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule.

Assassinated: 30 January 1948, New Delhi

                       

Mahatma Gandhi | Full Biography of Mahatma Gandhi for Students

Mahatma Gandhi was one of the greatest Indian of all time. He was our ‘Father of the Nation’. His full name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He gave the title of “Mahatma” which implies the “Great Soul.” A person also calls to him as the name of ‘Bapu.’

Birth of the Gandhiji

Mahatma Gandhiji was born on 2^nd October 1869 at the place of Porbandar which located in Gujarat state.And his father was the high noble and pious man; His name was Karamchand Gandhi. He was the chief Dewan of the State of Rajkot.

Mahatma Gandhi mother was a very straightforward and religious woman. In the little age, he influenced by the religious and pious behavior of her mother.

Mahatma Gandhi has received his early education and training from his religious parents. He goes up so deeply in religious, truthful, honest, and fearless from his childhood. Mahatma Gandhi married to the Kasturba Gandhi in the year of 1983. His wedding done according to the traditional system, and they took place this married at traditionally.

He was very brilliant student from childhood; He has completed the matriculation examination in 1887. After his long study, he went to the England ends his barrister in law. In 1991, after his studies, he became the lawyer and returned to our country.

Worked in South Africa

Mahatma Gandhi went to the South Africa as a lawyer when his age was 24years old. He spends the 21 years at South Africa from 18963 to 1914. He was staying in South Africa as counsel and mainly employed by Indian waiting. He found that Indians and other dark skinned people were the oppressed sections of the society. He faced discrimination on several occasions. He was once disallowed to travel on first-class and thrown out of the train. He was moved by the poor condition of Indians and decided to fight against the injustice. In 1894, he formed the Indian Natal Congress to fight for the civil rights of the Indian community in South Africa.

When he was in South Africa, He fought for the civil rights and privileges of the Indians who are living in South Africa. Throughout his struggle, he taught people to fight for their rights through non-violence. Hence, he made his mark as a great political leader in South Africa.

When he returned to India

He came back to India in 1915. Later, he was the president of Indian National Congress. He protested against the misrule of the British Government. He had associated with several national movements during India’s struggle for independence such as Non-cooperation Movement in 1920, Satyagraha, Quit India Movement in 1942, etc. On several occasions, he sent to prison. There was the broad participation of women in the freedom movements led by Gandhi.

Non-cooperation was his great weapon. The Non-cooperation Movement as a non-violent protest against the use of the British made goods by Indians. It was a movement of the masses of India.

Dandi Yatra on Salt Satyagraha

In 1942, Gandhi raised the ‘Quit India’ slogan. Gandhiji asked the British Government to “Quit India.”  The Quit India Movement was the most powerful movement launched by Gandhi to end the British rule in India. He gave the famous slogan of “Do or die” for the freedom of mother country.

Principle of non-violence

He followed the principles of non-violence, truth, and peace throughout his life. He guided his fellow citizens to struggle for freedom, not by using weapons, but by following ahinsa (non-violence). Peace (Shanti) and truth (Satya). He proved that Ahinsa (non-violence) is stronger than the sword. He adopted the principles of satyagraha in the Indian Independence movements.

He brought this all non-violence for the every Indian. Everyone follow this for the development of the country.

Indian History of Gandhiji

His remained the most influential leader of India’s freedom movement during the period from 1919 to 1948 and thus the period is called the ‘Gandhian Era in Indian history. He was the great leader of India who starts the fighting for the freedom.

What was important for Gandhiji

He is a well-known world personality. He was a well-reputed personality of the England. After that,  He shook off the British imperialism. The British were compelled to quit India. He secured freedom for our country following the principles of truth and non-violence. He was, thus, a saintly leader. Finally, India won its independence on the 15th day of August in 1947.

Gandhi birth anniversary

In India, Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated every year on the day of his birth anniversary and so respectfully, and he always remembered in the mind of all. It is a national holiday. The world celebrates 2nd October as the International day of non-violence.

Death of the Gandhiji

Unfortunately, the great saint was assassinated by Nathuram Godse on 30th January 1948.

Conclusion

Thus, Mahatma Gandhi was both a saint and an effective leader of his compatriots. He was a simple, pure, unselfish and religious person. He did most of his private jobs of his own. He fought for the freedom of India through non-violent and peaceful methods. He tried hard to raise the distressed sections of the society. He fought against illiteracy. He dreamt of providing mass employment through Charka and Khaddar. He always felt for the poor and untouchables people. He wanted to abolish untouchability from Indian society.

The life and teachings of Mahatma Gandhi were so glorious that people around the world still pay homage to him. We will always remember his in our hearts.

WHAT IS GST

1. What is Goods and Services Tax (GST)?

GST is a single uniform indirect tax which was introduced to replace Central and State indirect taxes such as VAT, CENVAT, and others. GST applies on all types of businesses, small or large. This makes it one of the greatest tax reforms in the country. The entire nation will follow a unified tax structure.
As the name suggests, GST will be applicable on both goods and services and India will follow a dual system of GST to keep both the Centre and State independent of each other. The GST council will be headed by the Union Finance Minister and it will consist of various State Finance Ministers. GST will be devised as a four-tiered tax structure with tax slabs of 5%, 12%, 18%, and 28% for various different categories of products and services. 0% rate is kept for most essential goods such as rice, wheat.

2. What are the indirect taxes that GST will replace?

Designed as a uniformed tax for the entire nation, it will replace the following indirect taxes earlier levied by the Centre and the State:
(i) Taxes levied and collected by the Centre:

1. Central Excise duty
2. Additional Duties of Customs (commonly known as CVD)
3. Special Additional Duty of Customs (SAD)
4. Service Tax

AND
(ii) Taxes levied and collected by the State:

1. State VAT
2. Central Sales Tax
3. Entertainment and Amusement Tax (except when levied by the local bodies)
4. Taxes on lotteries, betting and gambling
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. What is the framework that the GST will follow?

Like other countries such as Canada and Brazil, India will follow the dual form of GST. At the intra-state level, where goods and services are sold within the state, CGST (Central Goods and Services Tax) and SGST (State Goods and Services Tax) will be levied.
When selling goods and services into other states (inter-state sales), IGST (Integrated Goods and Services Tax) will be levied. Importing goods will come under IGST as it will be considered as inter-state supply. Imported goods will also attract basic customs duty.
Exports and supplies to SEZ, however, will be zero-rated.

4. Benefits of GST

As mentioned earlier, GST will unify taxation system in the entire nation. This will help in removal of the cascading tax effect. Cascading effect refers to tax to be paid on a tax. Under GST, this will no longer happen as the unified tax will bring the entire indirect tax system under one umbrella.
Another important benefit is that under GST, the input tax credit can be availed on both goods and services, which eliminates the cascading effect.
GST will also unify the returns and compliances as there will no separate VAT and service tax.
Read our article to know all the benefits of GST.

5. Who becomes a taxable person under GST?

Short answer is a person who carries out any business at any place in India and who is registered or required to be registered under the GST Act.  Amongst others, GST registration is mandatory for:

• Any business whose turnover in a financial year exceeds Rs 20 lakhs (Rs 10 lakhs for North Eastern and hill states)
• An input service distributor 
• An E-commerce operator or aggregator
• A person who supplies via e-commerce aggregator

Here is a complete list of taxable persons under GST.

6. What is a GSTIN?

GSTIN refers to the unique GST identification number that every business will be allotted. Every taxpayer will be allotted a state-wise, PAN-based 15-digit Goods and Services Taxpayer Identification Number (GSTIN). Also, note that having PAN is mandatory for register under GST.
Registering under GST is quite simple and is explained in simple steps in our article. 

7. What is Reverse Charge?

Usually, when the supplier supplies goods, the tax is levied upon the supplier. In certain cases, the tax is levied upon the buyer of the goods. This is called reverse charge as the chargeability of tax gets reversed.
This is not new under GST, as under the previous VAT regime, the reverse charge existed, but only on services. Now, under GST, it will be applicable on goods as well.  

8. What happens to mixed supply and composite supply under GST?

Under GST, this new concept of mixed supply and composite supply has been introduced. This will cover all supplies made together, whether the supplies are not related or not. This concept is some what similar to the bundled services which were there earlier. Only the concept of mixed supply is entirely new.
Let us look at these in detail.
Composite supply refers to a supply that comprises of 2 or more goods or services which are bundled and supplied together. Out of these, only one item can be of principal supply, however, these items cannot be supplied separately. Here is where the concept of composite supply comes in.
For example, when goods are packed, and transported with insurance, the supply of goods, packing materials, transport and insurance is a composite supply. Insurance, transport cannot be done separately if there are no goods to supply. Thus, the supply of goods is the principal supply.
A mixed supply is when 2 or more individual supplies of goods or services are made together with each other by a taxable person, for a single price. Each of these items can be supplied separately and is not dependent on any other.
For example, a supply of a package consisting of canned foods, sweets, chocolates, cakes, dry fruits, aerated drink and fruit juices, supplied for a single price is a mixed supply. All can be sold separately. Since aerated drinks have the highest GST rate of 28%, aerated drinks will be treated as principal supply.
Read our article on mixed and composite supply to understand better.

9. What is continuous supply?

When goods and services are offered or supplied periodically (that is every fortnight or every month, etc.), and payments are also made periodically, it is called a continuous supply.
For example, a telecom and internet provider will provide continuous supply as it is provided for a long time and also the payments are done every month or quarterly.

10. What is a compliance rating?

The GST compliance rating is a performance rating that is given to all registered taxpayers. This rating tells you how complaint the supplier will be with respect to GST provisions. This gives an option for the buyer to choose the seller based on the GST compliance rating.
The rating system can be devised on a scale of 1 to 10, based on the type of business, with 10 being the highest complaint and 1 being the least complaint.

 

PASSION

Passion "The True Meaning of Lief"

                                                       Live with passion !

                                                       _Tony Robbin

Passion rebuilds the world or theyouth. it takes all things alive and singniicant..

PASSION is a trem applied to a very storng eeling about anythink. Passion is an intense emotion, compelling  felling , enthusiasm or desire or somethimg. there are defferent ression individuals are motivated or an occupation. one of them is passion for all occupation.

when an individual is passionate about his job, and it result in greater work and extra work satisfaction. it also lends him higer levels of psychological well being . when a person genuinely enjoys their profession and are motivated by there passion they tend to be more satisfiend with their work and paschologically healthy.

when an individual is unsatisfied with his profession he is also dissatisfied with his family relationships and suffers rom psychological distress.